Do Solar Panels Work in Winter?

In this article, we explore how solar panels perform in winter and what factors influence their productivity

Winter often brings questions about the efficiency and functionality of solar panels. While it's true that solar panels produce less energy in the winter due to shorter days and lower sun angles, they still operate effectively and continue to contribute to your energy needs.

Sunlight Availability

Shorter Days: Winter days are shorter, resulting in fewer hours of sunlight. This naturally leads to a reduction in the total amount of solar energy generated each day.
Lower Sun Angle: The sun is lower in the sky during winter months, meaning the intensity and duration of sunlight hitting the panels are reduced.
Cloud Cover: Increased cloudiness can further reduce solar panel efficiency. However, solar panels still generate electricity on cloudy days, just at a lower rate.

Temperature Effects

Cold Weather Efficiency: Contrary to common belief, solar panels can be more efficient in cooler temperatures. Solar cells operate more efficiently in cold conditions compared to hot, as excessive heat can reduce the panel's performance.
Snowfall: Snow covering the panels can block sunlight, temporarily reducing energy production. However, in many cases, snow slides off panels due to their smooth, tilted surfaces, or melts quickly because panels absorb sunlight and generate heat.

Energy Production

Reduced Output: While the output is lower in winter compared to summer, solar panels continue to generate electricity as long as they receive sunlight.
Peak Sun Hours: In winter, the number of peak sun hours (when sunlight is most intense) decreases, affecting overall daily energy production. For instance, a region that gets 4-5 peak sun hours in summer might only get 1-2 in winter.

Energy Storage

Battery Systems: Incorporating battery storage systems allows you to store excess energy produced during sunny winter days for use during times when production is low or at night.
Grid Connection: If connected to the grid, you can draw power from it when solar production is low, ensuring a consistent energy supply.

UK Winter Conditions

In the UK, winter months (December to February) see shorter daylight hours and more cloudy days, impacting solar panel output. However:

Ongoing Production: Solar panels continue to produce electricity even during shorter, cloudy winter days, though at reduced levels.
Cumulative Contribution: Over the winter period, the cumulative energy generated can still be substantial and contribute to overall energy savings.

Case Study Example

A typical 4 kW solar panel system in the UK might produce:

Summer Day: Approximately 20-25 kWh
Winter Day: Approximately 5-10 kWh

This reduction highlights the importance of managing energy use and expectations during the winter months.

Benefits of Winter Solar Energy

Reduced Bills Year-Round: Even with lower production in winter, solar panels contribute to energy savings throughout the year.
Increased Efficiency: Cold temperatures enhance solar panel efficiency, somewhat compensating for reduced sunlight.
Sustainability: Solar panels provide a renewable energy source year-round, contributing to reduced reliance on fossil fuels.

Maintenance Tips for Winter

Regular Inspection: Check panels for snow accumulation and remove snow if safe to do so. Ensure there is no debris or ice obstructing the panels.
Monitor Output: Keep an eye on your system's performance using monitoring tools to identify any issues that might arise during winter.
Professional Maintenance: Schedule a professional check-up before winter to ensure the system is in optimal condition, contact the MJ Renewables office for more information on 01908 464084

Conclusion

Solar panels do work in winter, although their energy production is reduced compared to summer months. They remain a viable and effective energy source, providing significant benefits even during the colder, darker season. Proper system design, maintenance, and adjustments can help maximise their performance throughout the year.

Further Guidance

What Are Solar Panels?

How Do Solar Panels Work?

Do Solar Panels Save Money?

How Much are Solar Panels?

Do Solar Panels Increase Home Value?

Do Solar Panels Need Direct Sunlight?

How are Solar Panels Installed?